Testing the Efficiency of Algorithms and Strategies for Automatic Calibration of Rainfall-runoff Models
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper examines the efficiency of various methods of calibrating a rainfall-runoff model. The model used is a 12 parameter version of the Bough ton model which has been developed for large tropical basins. Attempts were made to improve the efficiency of calibration in three areas: selection of the best nonlinear programming algorithms; reduction of the number of objective functions required for calibration; and simplification of the model structure. The best algorithms were found to be those of Powell, Rosenbrock, and the simplex method of Nelder and Mead. The Davidon method did not perform well. The number of objective function evaluations can be reduced by performing a sensitivity analysis on the model and selecting a small group of parameters which are not interdependent and which the objective function is sensitive to. This may yield a substantial reduction in the computer t ime required to calibrate the model. Simplification of the model structure can also yield substantial savings, especially where it removes calculations which are redundant and reduces the number of model parameters. Essais de l'efficacité des algorithmes et des stratégies pour l'étalonnage des modèles pluie-écoulement Résumé. Cette mémoire examine l'efficacité des méthodes différentes d'étalonner un modèle pluieécoulement. On emploie la version à 12 paramètres du modèle Bough ton ce qui a été développée pour les grands bassins tropicaux. On a essayé d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'étalonnage sur trois aspects: sélection des algorithmes non linéaires qui se prêtent le mieux à la procédure du calcul automatique; la réduction du nombre des fonctions objectives nécessaires à l'étalonnage; et la simplification de la structure du modèle. Les meilleurs algorithmes se sont montrés d'être ceux de Powell, Rosenbrock et la méthode simplex de Nelder et Mead. La méthode de Davidon n'a pas bien opérée. On peut réduire le nombre des évaluations de fonction objective en exécutant une analyse de sensitivité sur le modèle et en choisissant un petit faisceau de paramètres qui ne sont pas solidaires et auquel la fonction objective est sensible. Ceci peut donner une réduction substantielle du temps dont on se sert pour le calcul automatique nécessaire pour étalonner le modèle. Une simplification de la structure du modèle peut aussi fournir des économies substantielles, particulièrement où ceci écarte des calculs qui sont superflus et réduit le nombre des paramètres du modèle.
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